EDITOR’S FORWORD IX economic activities to expand their land base and to reacquire ancestral homelands. More and more tribes are diversifying their economies in order to maintain sacred sites and regions of incomparable beauty in their natural states. In addition to economic growth in Indian country, we have also witnessed over the last several years the recognition and restoration of a number of tribal nations to federal status, such as the Ione Miwok Band in California (1994), Lower Lake Rancheria Koi Nation (2000) the Cowlitz Indian Tribe of Washington (2002) and the Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish commonly known as the Gun Lake Tribe (1998). It is important to note that even today, there remain numerous tribal communities across the country with no federal recognition. Some, like the Independent or Traditional Seminole of Florida, seem to have no interest in gaining state or federal recognition, while still others continue to fight for it. The economic relationship between tribal nations and non-Indian communities and governments in general has changed dramatically as well in the last decade. In a number of instances, tribes have become the largest employers in the communities, counties, and regions in which they are located. During the late 1990s in Connecticut, the Mohegan tribe and the Mashantucket Pequot tribes combined offered nearly 16,000 jobs to the general public, exceeding the number of jobs lost in federal defense cuts in the state. The Mashantucket Pequot is the single largest private employer in that state and its casino alone provides over 11,000 employment opportunities. Direct employment opportunities are not the only contributions that tribes make to local economies. Particularly among tribes with casinos and gaming enterprises, tribal monies support improvements to the local infrastructure (road, sewer, water, and waste disposal system), emergency services, and businesses and enterprises. Tribes also contribute substantial funds to educational programs, health facilities, and non-profit organizations. And tribes are also quick to assist others when possible-during aftermath of the terrorist attacks in New York city on September 11, 2001, the Mashantucket Pequot tribe utilized its high-speed ferry system, Fox Navigation, to evacuate victims from and to transport medical personnel to the Twin Towers. Tribes from across the nation, both large and small, offered millions of dollars in assistance to the recovery and rescue efforts. And in 2002, the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe hosted the largest event ever held at its casino, a recognition ceremony in honor of the 800 tribal members of the International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcement Iron Union, many of whom worked tirelessly at Ground Zero. (Paskenta), James Mackay (Susanville), Vickey Macias (Cloverdale), Scott McCrea (Mesa Grande), Nancy McDarment, John Nash (Tule River), Melba Burress (Berry Creek), Elizabeth Elgin DeRouen, Lailia DeRouen (Dry Creek), Sean Minder (Bridgeport), Virgil Moorehead (Big Lagoon), Renee Brown, Shannon Morganson (Colusa), Rhonda Morningstar Pope (Buena Vista), Barbara Murphy (Redding), Jeff Murray (Shingle Springs), Tracy Nelson (La Jolla), Greg Nesty (Trinidad), Elizabeth Hansen, Mary Nevarez, Judy Fisch (Redwood Valley), Ted Ochoa (Coyote Valley), Rebecca Osuna, Melissa Castro (Inaja-Cosmit), Gwendolyn Parada, James Hill (La Posta), Rick Poe (Manchester Point), Virginia Sutter (Manchester Point), Lloyd Powell (Cedarville), LaMar Price, Brandie Taylor, (Santa Ysabel) Arla Ramsey (Blue Lake), Lisa Rathbun (Guidiville), Carol Reeves (Rohnerville), Lorell Ross (Graton), Michael Russell (Table Mountain), Jerome Salgado, Sr., (Cahuilla), Tootie Sam (Fort Bidwell), Joseph Saulque (Benton Paiute), Tammy Peevler, Rob Shaffer (Rincon), Cheryl Seidner, Maura Eastman (Table Bluff), Robert Selgado, Sr., Vicki Varres (Soboba), Jose Simon, Pamela Reyes-Gutierrez (Middletown), David Smith (Santa Ynez), Eliza Swearinger (Grindstone Indian), Brandie Taylor (Santa Ysabel), Cristy Taylor, Merle Stevenson, Debra Sanders, (Laytonville), Robert Stone, Guy Taylor (Mooretown), Leanna Thomas (Twenty-Nine Palms), Sue Thomas, Cheryl Hinton (Barona), Sandi Tripp, Sara Spence (Karuk), Iris Picton, David Tomas (Upper Lake), Donald Valenzuela (Resighini), Juan Mancias, Rose Mary Want (Scotts Valley); CONNECTICUTArthur Henick (Mashantucket Pequot), Chuck Bunnell, Kevin Meisner, Dale White, Melissa Zobel (Mohegan); FLORIDAWanda Bowers, Sally Tommy, Sandy Selner (Seminole); IOWA Alison Davenport (Sac and Fox); IDAHO Francis Devereaux, Charles Morris, (Coeur d'Alene), Rosemary A. Devinney, Jon Norstog, Darrel Shay (Fort Hall), Cassandra Kipp (Nez Perce), Patty Perry (Kootenai); KANSASLouis DeRoin, Joana Comer, Leon Campbell, (Iowa), Christopher W. Dunn, H. Jason Auvil, (Kickapoo), Nancy Keller, Gina Kneib, Don Bucky Pilcher (Sac and Fox), Latane N. Donelin, Jon Bursaw, Ryan Dyer, Verna Simon (Prairie Band Potawatomi); LOUISIANAEarl Barbry, Jr. (Tunica-Biloxi), Jason Emery, Kim Walden (Chitimacha), Phyllis Nicols (Coushatta), Walter Nope (Jena Band); MASSACHUSETTS Victoria Wright, Darren Wright, (Gay Head); MAINERosa McNally, Norma Jean Saulis, John Ouedellett, Jerolyn Ireland, (Aroostook); MICHIGANKathy Adair (Bay Mills), Dave Anthony, Ken Meshigaud (Hannahville), Dan Green (Pine Creek), Kim Klopstein (L'Anse), Michelle Lacount, Su Lantz (Little Traverse Bay Bands), John Miller (Pokagon), Sandra Raphael (Grand Traverse), Bill Brooks, Mark Dougher, Jay Sam, (Little River), Andrew Sprague (Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish), Crista Payment, (Sault Ste. Marie); MINNESOTAMitch Corbine (Mille Lacs), Stephanie Fox, Diane Ralston (Prairie Island), Gary Fuller, Roger Head (Red Lake), Jason Hollinday, Dennis Peterson, Margaret Robideaux (Fond du Lac), Su Lantz (Upper Sioux Community), Ann Larson, Dawn Pendleton (Lower Sioux), Tessa Lehto (Shakopee), Dana Logan (Grand Portage), Mike Triplett (White Earth); MISSISSIPPI Kevin Edwards (Choctaw); MONTANAShawn Real Bird, Noel Two Leggins, (Crow), Larry Morsette, Jr., Marva Stump (Rocky Boy), C. John Healy, Sr., Carol Stiffarm, (Fort Belknap), Joe Little Coyote, Geri Small, (Northern Cheyenne), Dennis Fitzpatrick, Ed Wagner, Debora Juarez (Blackfeet), Rodney Miller, Jim Rued, Don Ewert, Lee Abbott (Fort Peck); NEBRASKAJanet Bass, John Blackhawk, Virgil Free, Louie Houghton, Joi Long (Winnebago), John Fremont, Tony Provost (Omaha), Caroll Kitchi, Chris Weber (Ponca), James Trudell (Santee Sioux); NEVADAGreg Holley, Bernice Lalo, Donna Hill, (Battle Mountain), Garrett Furuichi, Val Nevers (Carson), Maria Barry, Herman Atkins, Lindsey Manning (Duck Valley), Lisa Ann George, Virginia Sanchez, Carrie Sligar (Duckwater), Gloria Two Eagles, Fermina Stevens (Elko), Christine Stones (Ely), Larry Curly, Robert Valpert (Fallon), Karen Cruthcher (Fort McDermitt), Gloria Hernandez, Alfreda Mitre (Las Vegas), Monty George, Harry Summerfield, Glen Wason (Lovelock), Phil Swain (Moapa), David Koch, John Van Etten, Tim Wadsworth (Pyramid Lake), Lorayn London, (South Fork), Garrett Furuichi, (Stewart) Robyn Berdette, Julie Crutcher (Summit Lake), Elwood Mose, Ursula Powers, (Te-Moak Tribe), Anita Collins, Richard Whitefeather (Walker River), Kristi Begay (Wells Band), Linda Ayer, Tom Watson (Winnemucca), Garrett Furuichi (Woodfords), Wayne Garcia, Duane Masters, (Yerington), Dennis Bill, Lisa Kagel (Yomba); NEW MEXICOHerman Agoya, Earl Salazar (San Juan), Clee Melvin (Cochiti), Rob Ariwite (Laguna), John Armijo, Timothy Armijo, Marlene Gachupin (Jemez), Everett Serafin, Alberta Velarde (Jicarilla Apache), Laura Benavidez, Paul Rainberg (Nambé), William Christian, Melissa Gipson, Elmer Torres, Leon T. Roybal (San Ildefonso), Charles Dorame, Carol Woods (Tesuque), Michael Eriacho, Jerry Pino, Sr. (Ramah), Lori Vincente, Denise Garandonegro (Alamo), Tina Romero, Millie Weller (Taos), Ava Hanna (Zuni), Valentina Herrera (San Felipe), Nora Morris (To'Hajiilee), Daniel Moya, George Rivera (Pojoaque), Peter Pino, Stanley Pino, Tammy Pino (Zia) Brian Ramirez, Calvin Tafoya (Santa Clara), Lorraine Snake (Picurís), Nathan Tsosie (Santa Ana), Phil Tsosie (Isleta); NEW YORKMark Emery (Oneida), Darwin Hills (Tonawanda), William Papineau, Sheree Bonaparte, (St. Regis Mohawk), Millie Fox, Karla Nephew, Gina Paradis, Carol Thompson, Natalie Hemlock, Martin Seneca, Jr. (Seneca/Allegany and Cattaraugus), Alma Patterson, Kenneth Patterson (Tuscarora), Irving Powless (Onondaga),Anita Thompson, Sharon LeRoy (Cayuga); NORTH CAROLINA Sarah Crow (Eastern Cherokee); NORTH DAKOTA John Allery (Turtle Mountain), Charlie Murphy (Standing Rock) Glenda Embry, Marion Spotted Bear (Fort Berthold), Kenny Graywater (Spirit Lake), Angie Johnson (Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux), OKLAHOMA: Lionel Ahdunko, Pam Baumgartner (Caddo), Judy Allen, Gary Whitedeer (Choctaw), Deborah Bailey (Sac and Fox), Ron Barnett Tribal Personnel and Individuals: (Listed by state and reservation name) [continued]
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